JuniperPublishers-Global Journal of Nanomedicine

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Oral route is the most preferred and acceptable way of drug administration because of low cost and ease of administration which leads to high patient compliance. But lipophilic drugs show low oral bioavailability due to various reasons like poor aqueous solubility, high first pass metabolism. Lipid Matrices have been used for a long time as a carrier for lipophilic drugs to enhance their oral bioavailability. Various lipid particulate carriers have been developed and studied for many years like Lipid emulsions (LE), liposomes, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC). Eldem et al. [ 1 ] had optimized the production of lipid micro pellets. The first generation of lipid nanopellets for oral administration was prepared by Speiser et al. [ 2 ]. This was followed by the second generation of lipid matrices involving the production of SLN by high pressure homogenization (HPH) [...

    Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Worldwide, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosed in women, with approximately 1.3 million new cases per year [ 1 ]. With an estimated 232,240 new cases of invasive breast cancer (Stages I-IV), and an estimated 64,640 new cases of ductal carcinoma in-situ , Stage 0, occurring in the USA, one woman dies every 13minutes from breast cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. Conventional breast cancer treatments like chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery have drawbacks and may not be applicable to all patients [ 2 , 3 ]. There have been many drugs developed to treat cancer overall but they have exhibited limited success, due to inefficient delivery methods that allow molecules to cross the hydrophilic/hydrophobic lipid bilayers of cellular plasma membranes [ 4 ]. To overcome this limitation, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has been a process gaining momentum. ECT is the local application of electrical pu...

    Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction The vast limitations of traditional cancer drugs have pushed researches to advance in the area of cancer nanomedicine. The major drawbacks of the conventional drugs are immense side effects, non-specific tissue absorption, low bioavailability and high cost of production, to name a few. With the advancement in nanomedicine, scientists are aiming to come up with drugs which will have targeted action to cancer cells thus minimizing the side effect on healthy tissue and organs within the body. Various metal and organo metallic compounds are currently in trial to achieve this goal. The major advantage of these metal based nanoparticles is that they can lower the cost of production contrary to the complex structured conventional anticancer drugs like paclitaxel, doxorubicin etc. which are very costly. Various metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been reported for their anticancer properties like gold [ 1...

    Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Luminescent II-VI semiconductors have been studied immensely for their optoelectronic and bio-photonic applications. Semiconductor emitters are becoming more prominent in bio medical imaging because of their narrow, tunable emission range, and high stability. Thus by using semiconductor markers the emission wavelength may be tuned to minimize noise from auto fluorescence of biological samples, and semiconductors do not photo-bleach [ 1 ]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a direct band gap II-VI semiconductor with wide band gap energy of 3.37 eV at room temperature and a high exciton binding energy of 60 meV [ 2 ]. Since the exciton binding energy in ZnO is greater than the thermal energy (27 meV), emission at biocompatible temperatures are unlikely from thermally induced auto-fluorescence in biological samples. Excitons in ZnO are very stable at room temperature which ensures that its luminescence wi...

    Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction "Nanotechnology” refers simply to the chemistry of the "small”-very small where novel and exciting phenomena occur. Nanotechnology, itself, is nothing but an impeccable reflection of the dimensions of nature. The manufacturing and syntheses of certain biomolecules at the atomic and molecular resolution, in a controlled precise manner, is a perfect example of what is today known as nanotechnology [ 1 ]. This has continuously inspired scientists to seek innovative methodologies providing nanomaterials with tailored features, novel chemical, and specific optical properties [ 2 ]. "Things behave differently or strangely at the nanoscale”-we often hear this phrase, but what does it exactly mean? It has mainly to do with physical and chemical (physicochemical) when materials are so tiny, the electrons become squeezed into space smaller than they prefer leading to confinement effects, thus...