JuniperPublishers-Global Journal of Nanomedicine

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Porous silicon (PS) is a very promising material due to their interesting optical (luminescence at room temperature), electrical (change of the resistivity) and chemical properties (this kind of structures possess high surface area, and their open structure allows high reactivity). PS can be obtained by chemical etching in a solution of hydrofluoric acid (HF) and ethanol [1]. These porous structures are excellent candidates for devices in the fields of optoelectronics [2], biochemical [3], and biosensors [4]. The different characteristics of the PS as pore diameter and thickness can be controlled by the etching parameters (current density and time of etching) [1]. After the etching the internal surface of PS is hydrogen-terminated, which allows immobilize biomolecules [5]. Thanks to its properties, PS can be applied as a platform in the objection of optic or electronically biosensors. On the other han...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction The element carbon is ubiquitous and is intimately connected with life on earth. Its allotropes, graphite and diamond are well known. Graphite conducts both heat and electricity but diamond- one of the hardest materials known is non-conducting. In recent years, other allotropic forms of carbon have been discovered. These include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene, which play an important role in the field of nanotechnology. Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) are the graphitic sheets which have covalently bonded carbon atoms in hexagonal-type arrangement. These sheets are rolled up into a form of cylinder with the ends closed by hemispherical graphitic domes. Due to their exceptional 1-D nature, CNTs are amongst the strongest materials known and possess special structural, electrical and mechanical properties. These have found applications in areas like batteries, fuel cells, pharmaceuticals and biomedica...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Nanotechnology is the capability to examine, see and manipulate the things on atomic or molecular scale usually under 100nm. At this scale many effects are arises such as large surface to volume ratio, minimizing effects of gravity, quantum effects etc. Metal nanoparticles have fascinated researchers due to their impending applications in various fields like biomedical applications and sensitive diagnostic assays, radiotherapy enhancement, and thermal ablation, gene delivery, as non toxic carriers for gene and drug-delivery applications, optical imaging and labelling of biological systems [ 1 - 3 ]. These tiny particles are known as nanoparticles, which are synthesized by generally two methods top down and bottom up ( Figure 1 ). The top down suggest the nanoparticles preparation by lithographic techniques, ball milling, etching, sputtering, etc. The most effective approach for synthesi...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction The prefix 'nano' indicates one billionth or 10 -9 units [ 1 ]. In other words, nanoparticles can be defined as the clusters of atoms in the size range of 1-100nm [ 2 ]. The nanoparticles show unique physical, chemical and biological properties due to their high surface-to-volume ratio [ 3 ]. The integration of green chemistry to nanotechnology is one of the most alarming and explored area for the nanoscience researcher. The towering environmental issues had attracted the researchers towards the novel green synthesis of nanoparticles in biological systems such as bacteria, fungi and plants [ 3 ]. However, exploration of the plant extracts as the medium of synthesis has heightened interest due to its simplicity, easiness and viable approach and also, the use of plant extracts for the synthesis of nanoparticles does not require elaborate processes [ 3 , 4 ]. Plant extracts acts as a na...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Magnetic oxide nanomaterials, including iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 and γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), spinel ferrites (MFe 2 O 4 ; M=Mn, Zn, Cr, Ni, or Co) and hexagonal ferrite (MFe12O19, M=Ba and Sr) are attracting much attention due to their wide application potentials in advanced magnets, electronic devices, information storage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and drug-delivery technology [ 1 - 6 ]. Hence, the synthesis and applications of nano structured magnetic ferrite has become a particularly important research field. In this mini-review, we will first focus on the recent research progress of the synthesis of magnetic oxide nanoparticles. Afterwards, the biomedical applications, particularly the hyperthermia, drug delivery and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), will be reviewed. Synthesis of magnetic oxide nanoparticles In the last decades, tons of efforts have been devoted to the...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Antibacterial materials typically constitute chemical compounds that locally kill bacteria or effectively slow down their growth, with no toxic effects on the surrounding tissues. While organic antimicrobial agents act relatively quicker than inorganic antibacterials, their extensive usage develops drug resistance in more and more bacteria [ 1 - 3 ]. In order to address this issue, inorganic metal oxides such as TiO 2 , MgO, CuO, Al 2 O 3 , Ag 2 O, CaO, CeO 2 and Zno have come forward which can act as durable antibacterial agents and provide appropriate disinfection without forming harmful by-products thereby offering key advantages of improved safety and stability as compared to organic antibiotics [ 2 - 5 ]. Zinc oxide is a non-toxic, n-type II-VI semiconductor material having a wurtzite structure with a direct and wide band gap of 3.37 eV. It exhibits near- UV emission, optical transparency, elec...

  Global Journal of Nanomedicine-Juniper publishers Introduction Nano particles have a wide range of applications such as electronics, catalysis, chemistry energy and medicine and have thus gained commercial acceptance [ 1 ]. Besides improving their functionality, the use of nano technology can result in the production of textiles with completely novel properties or the combination of various functions [ 2 ]. Such multifunctional textiles include antistatic textiles, reinforced textiles, antibacterial, self cleaning textiles, bleaching resistant, etc. and paves the way for the use of its products in other fields outside the traditional industries [ 3 - 5 ]. Silver nano particles due to their strong and wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities have gained major focus among all nano particles. In order to protect against microbial contamination, silver has been incorporated into various forms of plastics such as catheters, dental material, medical devices, implan...